I’ve lately been thinking about whether the named graph support in SPARQL can help us evolve vocabularies and associated code (eg. generators and translators) in parallel, so that we know when the RDF generators are emitting markup that uses properties which aren’t yet documented in the ontology; or when the ontology contains terms that aren’t being used in any actual data.
Here is a quick example in terms of FOAF, in a form that should run directly with Jena’s ARQ commandline tool. The query shown here takes a handful of specified FOAF files and compares their property usage with information about those properties in the RDF/OWL description of the FOAF spec. Query copied below, followed by the results. This is a pretty simple query; there are lots of related ideas we might explore. What I’d like to figure out (help welcomed!) is quite how to check for properties in instance data that don’t have corresponding definitions in the ontology. I expect it has something to do with ‘unbound’, …
Anyway, some basic FOAF-related querying for now:
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
PREFIX vs: <http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#>
# Experiment with using SPARQL to compare actual property usage
# with the property declarations in FOAF. This query asks which
# properties are in use, and gets their label from the FOAF spec.
# Q: how to do the contrary, and specify which deployed properties
# are not in the spec?
PREFIX danbri: <http://danbri.org/foaf.rdf>
PREFIX libby: <http://swordfish.rdfweb.org/people/libby/rdfweb/webwho.xrdf>
PREFIX kanzaki: <http://www.kanzaki.com/info/webwho.rdf>
PREFIX edd: <http://heddley.com/edd/foaf.rdf>
PREFIX inkel: <http://purl.org/net/inkel/inkel.foaf.rdf>
PREFIX mattb: <http://www.picdiary.com/foaf.rdf>
PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT DISTINCT ?prop ?label ?graph ?status
FROM NAMED foaf:
FROM NAMED danbri:
FROM NAMED libby:
FROM NAMED kanzaki:
FROM NAMED edd:
FROM NAMED inkel:
FROM NAMED mattb:
WHERE {
GRAPH foaf: {
{ ?prop rdf:type ?t }
FILTER (?t = owl:ObjectProperty || ?t = owl:DatatypeProperty ||
?t = rdf:Property || ?t = owl:FunctionalProperty ||
?t = owl:InverseFunctionalProperty ) .
?prop rdfs:label ?label . ?prop rdfs:comment ?c .
?prop vs:term_status ?status .
}
OPTIONAL { GRAPH ?graph { ?x ?prop ?y . } }
FILTER ( ?graph != foaf: )
}
ORDER BY ?prop
This gives the following results using ARQ (sparql --query on the commandline):
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | prop | label | graph | status | ============================================================================================= | foaf:aimChatID | "AIM chat ID" | danbri: | "testing" | | foaf:aimChatID | "AIM chat ID" | edd: | "testing" | | foaf:based_near | "based near" | inkel: | "unstable" | | foaf:based_near | "based near" | mattb: | "unstable" | | foaf:based_near | "based near" | kanzaki: | "unstable" | | foaf:currentProject | "current project" | inkel: | "testing" | | foaf:currentProject | "current project" | libby: | "testing" | | foaf:currentProject | "current project" | kanzaki: | "testing" | | foaf:depiction | "depiction" | inkel: | "testing" | | foaf:depiction | "depiction" | libby: | "testing" | | foaf:depiction | "depiction" | danbri: | "testing" | | foaf:depiction | "depiction" | mattb: | "testing" | | foaf:depiction | "depiction" | kanzaki: | "testing" | | foaf:depiction | "depiction" | edd: | "testing" | | foaf:depicts | "depicts" | edd: | "testing" | | foaf:family_name | "family_name" | inkel: | "testing" | | foaf:firstName | "firstName" | inkel: | "testing" | | foaf:gender | "gender" | kanzaki: | "testing" | | foaf:givenname | "Given name" | inkel: | "testing" | | foaf:holdsAccount | "holds account" | kanzaki: | "unstable" | | foaf:homepage | "homepage" | inkel: | "stable" | | foaf:homepage | "homepage" | danbri: | "stable" | | foaf:homepage | "homepage" | mattb: | "stable" | | foaf:homepage | "homepage" | kanzaki: | "stable" | | foaf:homepage | "homepage" | edd: | "stable" | | foaf:icqChatID | "ICQ chat ID" | inkel: | "testing" | | foaf:img | "image" | danbri: | "testing" | | foaf:img | "image" | mattb: | "testing" | | foaf:img | "image" | kanzaki: | "testing" | | foaf:img | "image" | edd: | "testing" | | foaf:interest | "interest" | inkel: | "testing" | | foaf:interest | "interest" | libby: | "testing" | | foaf:interest | "interest" | kanzaki: | "testing" | | foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | "is primary topic of" | danbri: | "testing" | | foaf:jabberID | "jabber ID" | inkel: | "testing" | | foaf:jabberID | "jabber ID" | danbri: | "testing" | | foaf:knows | "knows" | inkel: | "testing" | | foaf:knows | "knows" | libby: | "testing" | | foaf:knows | "knows" | danbri: | "testing" | | foaf:knows | "knows" | mattb: | "testing" | | foaf:knows | "knows" | kanzaki: | "testing" | | foaf:knows | "knows" | edd: | "testing" | | foaf:made | "made" | danbri: | "testing" | | foaf:made | "made" | kanzaki: | "testing" | | foaf:maker | "maker" | inkel: | "testing" | | foaf:maker | "maker" | libby: | "testing" | | foaf:maker | "maker" | kanzaki: | "testing" | | foaf:maker | "maker" | edd: | "testing" | | foaf:mbox | "personal mailbox" | inkel: | "stable" | | foaf:mbox | "personal mailbox" | libby: | "stable" | | foaf:mbox | "personal mailbox" | danbri: | "stable" | | foaf:mbox | "personal mailbox" | kanzaki: | "stable" | | foaf:mbox | "personal mailbox" | edd: | "stable" | | foaf:mbox_sha1sum | "sha1sum of a personal mailbox URI name" | inkel: | "testing" | | foaf:mbox_sha1sum | "sha1sum of a personal mailbox URI name" | libby: | "testing" | | foaf:mbox_sha1sum | "sha1sum of a personal mailbox URI name" | danbri: | "testing" | | foaf:mbox_sha1sum | "sha1sum of a personal mailbox URI name" | mattb: | "testing" | | foaf:mbox_sha1sum | "sha1sum of a personal mailbox URI name" | kanzaki: | "testing" | | foaf:mbox_sha1sum | "sha1sum of a personal mailbox URI name" | edd: | "testing" | | foaf:msnChatID | "MSN chat ID" | inkel: | "testing" | | foaf:msnChatID | "MSN chat ID" | danbri: | "testing" | | foaf:myersBriggs | "myersBriggs" | danbri: | "testing" | | foaf:myersBriggs | "myersBriggs" | mattb: | "testing" | | foaf:myersBriggs | "myersBriggs" | kanzaki: | "testing" | | foaf:myersBriggs | "myersBriggs" | edd: | "testing" | | foaf:name | "name" | inkel: | "testing" | | foaf:name | "name" | libby: | "testing" | | foaf:name | "name" | danbri: | "testing" | | foaf:name | "name" | mattb: | "testing" | | foaf:name | "name" | kanzaki: | "testing" | | foaf:name | "name" | edd: | "testing" | | foaf:nick | "nickname" | inkel: | "testing" | | foaf:nick | "nickname" | libby: | "testing" | | foaf:nick | "nickname" | danbri: | "testing" | | foaf:nick | "nickname" | mattb: | "testing" | | foaf:nick | "nickname" | kanzaki: | "testing" | | foaf:nick | "nickname" | edd: | "testing" | | foaf:pastProject | "past project" | inkel: | "testing" | | foaf:pastProject | "past project" | kanzaki: | "testing" | | foaf:plan | "plan" | danbri: | "testing" | | foaf:plan | "plan" | kanzaki: | "testing" | | foaf:primaryTopic | "primary topic" | inkel: | "testing" | | foaf:primaryTopic | "primary topic" | kanzaki: | "testing" | | foaf:primaryTopic | "primary topic" | edd: | "testing" | | foaf:publications | "publications" | kanzaki: | "unstable" | | foaf:schoolHomepage | "schoolHomepage" | danbri: | "testing" | | foaf:schoolHomepage | "schoolHomepage" | kanzaki: | "testing" | | foaf:schoolHomepage | "schoolHomepage" | edd: | "testing" | | foaf:surname | "Surname" | inkel: | "testing" | | foaf:thumbnail | "thumbnail" | danbri: | "testing" | | foaf:title | "title" | kanzaki: | "testing" | | foaf:weblog | "weblog" | inkel: | "testing" | | foaf:weblog | "weblog" | libby: | "testing" | | foaf:weblog | "weblog" | mattb: | "testing" | | foaf:weblog | "weblog" | kanzaki: | "testing" | | foaf:weblog | "weblog" | edd: | "testing" | | foaf:workplaceHomepage | "workplace homepage" | inkel: | "testing" | | foaf:workplaceHomepage | "workplace homepage" | libby: | "testing" | | foaf:workplaceHomepage | "workplace homepage" | danbri: | "testing" | | foaf:workplaceHomepage | "workplace homepage" | mattb: | "testing" | | foaf:workplaceHomepage | "workplace homepage" | edd: | "testing" | | foaf:yahooChatID | "Yahoo chat ID" | inkel: | "testing" | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
